Journal Guide

Our Reviews aim to be balanced and objective analyses of the selected topic – with descriptions of relevant scientific literature and discussions that are easy to grasp for recent graduates in any discipline related to electrical and electronic engineering, as well as informing principal investigators and industry-based research scientists of the latest advances. Reviews should provide the authors' insight into future directions and their opinion of the major challenges faced by researchers in the field.

Nature Reviews' clinical content is written by internationally renowned clinical academics and researchers and targeted towards readers in the medical sciences, from postgraduate level upwards. While intended to be read by practicing doctors, researchers and academics within a specialty, we aim to make all our articles accessible to readers working in any medical discipline.In-depth Reviews present authoritative, up-to-date information on a topic, placing it in the context of a field's history and development. Topical discussion and opinions are proffered in Perspectives and News & Views articles, and in the Research Highlights section we filter primary research from a range of specialty and general medical journals. Finally, Case Studies enable authors to present novel and interesting cases and discuss the most useful features to bear in mind for treating future cases.

The ultimate aim of cancer research is to eliminate this common and devastating disease from the human population. To develop more effective prevention methods we need to understand what triggers carcinogenesis. To diagnose precancerous lesions and early-stage cancers quickly and accurately we need to detect the earliest molecular changes leading to each type of cancer. To determine a patient's prognosis we need to appreciate which molecular changes affect tumour growth rate and invasiveness. And to tailor therapies to individual tumours we need to understand the fundamental differences, not only between a cancer cell and a 'normal' cell, but also between one cancer cell and another. All of these goals depend on a combination of basic and applied research. Nature Reviews Cancer will be a gateway from which cancer researchers — from those investigating the molecular basis of cancer to those involved in translational research — access the information that they need to further the ability to diagnose, treat and ultimately prevent cancer.

To an extent, all life scientists are geneticists because genetic technology and the accumulation of genomic information have enriched all of biology. You may or may not call yourself a geneticist, but if you work on or with genes you need to know about the latest developments. Nature Reviews Genetics covers the full scientific breadth of modern genetics, capturing its excitement, diversity and implications.Subjects covered * Genomics: genome sequencing, genome projects, bioinformatics, cancer genomics, metagenomics, pharmacogenomics, resources * Functional genomics: transcriptomics, functional genomics screens, bioinformatics * Evolutionary genetics: evo-devo, genome evolution, comparative genomics, population genetics, phylogenetics * Technology: new techniques, experimental strategies, therapy, applied genetics and genomics, computational biology * Gene expression: gene regulatory elements, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, regulatory RNAs, broad perspectives on gene regulation, gene expression profiling, gene regulatory networks * Multifactorial genetics: complex traits, mapping strategies, technology, genetic variation * Disease: disease gene identification, relationship between genotype and phenotype, molecular pathology of genetic disease, complex disease, disease susceptibility/resistance * Chromosome biology: DNA elements, telomeres, centromeres, mobile elements, chromosome stability, DNA damage, meiosis and mitosis, nuclear organization, artificial chromosomes * Epigenetics: DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin structure, imprinting, chromatin remodeling, epigenomics * Developmental biology: patterning, differentiation, stem cells, reproductive technology * Systems and networks: systems biology, biological networks, synthetic biology, modelling * Ethical, legal and social implications of genetics and genomics.

Immunology is a diverse and growing discipline that can be defined as the study of the tissues, cells and molecules involved in host defence mechanisms. Immunologists attempt to understand how the immune system develops, how the body defends itself against disease, and what happens when it all goes wrong. Nature Reviews Immunology will provide in-depth coverage of immunology, from fundamental mechanisms to applied aspects. In addition to review articles, it will highlight recent developments and exciting new primary papers, as well as reflecting on the people, papers and events that have influenced the development of immunology.Subjects covered * Allergy and asthma * Autoimmunity * Antigen processing and presentation * Apoptosis in the immune system * Chemokines and chemokine receptors * Cytokines and cytokine receptors * Development and function of cells of the immune system * Development and function of cells of the immune system * Haematopoiesis * Infection and immunity * Immunotherapy * Innate immunity * Mucosal immunology * Regulation of the immune response * Signalling in the immune system * Transplantation * Development and function of cells of the immune system * Tumour immunology * Vaccine development.

Nature Reviews Materials is an international monthly multi-disciplinary review journal, which aims to provide timely, authoritative Reviews and Perspectives that are of broad interest and of exceptional quality.

Materials science is a diverse and fast-growing discipline, which has moved from a largely engineering focus to a position where it has an increasing impact on other classical disciplines such as physics, chemistry and biology. Materials science encompasses both fundamental and applied studies. No other journal in materials science offers the scientific breadth and vast number of Reviews that Nature Reviews Materials provides.

The advent of new technologies and growing recognition of the enormous degree of microbial diversity has revolutionized our understanding of microbiology as a discipline. Microbiology is moving into a new era that focuses less on specific organisms and more on the processes and mechanisms that link them. Nature Reviews Microbiology embraces this new era by encompassing the discipline in its broadest sense. We take an integrated approach to microbiology, bridging fundamental research and its clinical, industrial and environmental applications to create a single information resource for all who share an interest in microbial life. Nature Reviews Microbiology publishes the highest-quality reviews and perspectives highlighting important developments in our understanding of bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and protozoa, their interaction with their environments, how these organisms are harnessed in human endeavour and their impact on society. Also featured are timely summaries of significant research papers, as well as monthly updates on the latest developments in microbial genomics, post-genomic biology and infectious diseases. In line with our ongoing ambition to overcome the traditional barriers between bacteriology, virology, mycology and archaeal and protozoan biology, articles are tailored to appeal to microbiologists of every persuasion and at every level. The scope of the journal encompasses, but will not be limited to, the following fields pertaining to bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi and protozoa: * Biochemistry, physiology and molecular biology * Genetics and genomics * Ecology, evolution and biodiversity * Cellular microbiology * Environmental microbiology * Pathogenesis and host defence * Clinical and diagnostic microbiology * Infectious diseases * Antimicrobial therapies and vaccines * Epidemiology and public health microbiology * Applied and industrial microbiology * Microbiology education * Microbiology and society.

Molecular cell biology is a marriage of two distinct, yet complementary, disciplines. In its traditional sense, the term 'molecular biology' refers to study of the macromolecules essential to life — nucleic acids and proteins. The field of cell biology is a natural extension of this, integrating what we know at the molecular level into an understanding of processes and interactions at the cellular level. Only by combining both fields can we paint a broad picture of essential biological processes such as how cells divide, grow, communicate and die.Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology takes readers on a journey from the nucleus of a cell to its boundaries and beyond. It features Reviews and Perspectives articles on a broad range of topics, and highlights important primary papers and technological progress. The scope of the journal includes:Subjects covered * Cell signalling (signalling networks, ion channels, gap junctions) * Membrane dynamics (membrane organization, endocytosis, exocytosis, organelle biogenesis) * Cell adhesion (adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix) * Cytoskeletal dynamics (cell motility, molecular motors, actin, microtubules, intermediate filaments) * Developmental cell biology (developmental signalling, differentiation, asymmetric cell division, stem cells) * Cell growth and division (cell cycle, cytokinesis, cancer) * Cell death (apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, ageing) * Cellular microbiology (host–pathogen interactions) * Plant cell biology * Gene expression (transcription, splicing, RNA stability, translation, RNA interference, circadian rhythms) * Nucleic-acid metabolism (DNA repair, recombination and replication, RNA biogenesis) * Chromosome biology (chromatin, chromosome structure, transposons) * Nuclear transport (import and export of molecules to and from the nucleus) * Bioenergetics (respiration, photosynthesis, organelle biochemistry) * Protein structure and metabolism (structure-function relationships, quality control, post-translational modifications, folding, translocation, degradation) * Technology and techniques (imaging, proteomics, systems biology, bioinformatics).

Nature Reviews' clinical content is written by internationally renowned clinical academics and researchers and targeted towards readers in the medical sciences, from postgraduate level upwards. While intended to be read by practicing doctors, researchers and academics within a specialty, we aim to make all our articles accessible to readers working in any medical discipline.In-depth Reviews present authoritative, up-to-date information on a topic, placing it in the context of a field's history and development. Topical discussion and opinions are proffered in Perspectives and News & Views articles, and in the Research Highlights section we filter primary research from a range of specialty and general medical journals. Finally, Case Studies enable authors to present novel and interesting cases and discuss the most useful features to bear in mind for treating future cases.Subjects covered * Acid-base, fluid and electrolyte disorders * Acute renal failure * Assessment of kidney function * Calcium magnesium and renal calculi * Diabetic nephropathy * Dialysis (including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, continuous renal replacement) * Genetics of renal disease * Glomerular diseases (including glomerulonephritis, FSGS, cryoglobulinemia) * Health economics * Hypertension * Imaging and radiology * Interstitial nephritis * Oncology * Other * Pathology * Pediatric nephrology * Progression of renal disease * Renal pharmacology * Risk factors and epidemiology * Transplant * Tropical nephrology * Vasculitis.

Nature Reviews' clinical content is written by internationally renowned clinical academics and researchers and targeted towards readers in the medical sciences, from postgraduate level upwards. While intended to be read by practicing doctors, researchers and academics within a specialty, we aim to make all our articles accessible to readers working in any medical discipline.In-depth Reviews present authoritative, up-to-date information on a topic, placing it in the context of a field's history and development. Topical discussion and opinions are proffered in Perspectives and News & Views articles, and in the Research Highlights section we filter primary research from a range of specialty and general medical journals.Subjects covered * Aging and dementia * Brain imaging * Epilepsy * Genetics * Headache * Infectious disease * Injury, repair and rehabilitation * Movement disorders * Neural tube defects * Neurodegenerative disease * Neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation * Neurometabolic disorders * Neuromuscular disease * Neurooncology * Neuropsychiatric disorders * Neurosurgery * Public health * Ethics * Pain * Peripheral neuropathies * Sensory systems * Sleep * Spongiform encephalopathies * Stroke * White matter disease (including demyelinating and dysmyelinating disorders).

Neuroscience is the archetypal multidisciplinary science encompassing a variety of fields that share the common goal of attempting to provide a complete understanding of the structure and function of the central nervous system. A series of advances in molecular, developmental and cognitive neuroscience, stimulated by the advent of powerful new experimental techniques and theoretical approaches, have now rendered some of the most enduring neurobiological questions increasingly tractable. This explosion of knowledge has in turn created a need for new tools to efficiently organize and communicate this information. Nature Reviews Neuroscience covers the breadth and depth of modern neuroscience by providing an authoritative, accessible, topical, and engaging first port of call for scientists who are interested in all aspect of neuroscience -- from molecules to the mind.

Nature Reviews' clinical content is written by internationally renowned clinical academics and researchers and targeted towards readers in the medical sciences, from postgraduate level upwards. While intended to be read by practicing doctors, researchers and academics within a specialty, we aim to make all our articles accessible to readers working in any medical discipline.In-depth Reviews present authoritative, up-to-date information on a topic, placing it in the context of a field's history and development. Topical discussion and opinions are proffered in Perspectives and News & Views articles, and in the Research Highlights section we filter primary research from a range of specialty and general medical journals. Finally, Case Studies enable authors to present novel and interesting cases and discuss the most useful features to bear in mind for treating future cases.Subjects covered * Rheumatoid arthritis * Osteoarthritis * Metabolic bone disease (including osteoporosis, osteonecrosis and Paget disease of bone) * Connective tissue diseases (including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, antiphospholipid syndrome, Sjögren disease and Raynaud phenomenon) * Spondyloarthropathies (including ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis) * Acute inflammatory arthritis (including monoarthritis, oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, infectious/septic arthritis, crystal deposition diseases and Lyme disease) * The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis) * Fibromyalgia * Polymyalgia rheumatica * Vasculitis syndromes (including systemic vasculitides, and large, medium and small vessel vasculitides) * Periarticular rheumatic disease (including bursitis and tendonitis) * Pediatric rheumatic disease * Miscellaneous rheumatic diseases * Therapy (including pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, surgery, splinting, and complementary and alternative treatments) * Pain management * Rehabilitation * Epidemiology * Genetics * Immunology * Inflammation * Health services, economics and outcomes research.

Nature Reviews' clinical content is written by internationally renowned clinical academics and researchers and targeted towards readers in the medical sciences, from postgraduate level upwards. While intended to be read by practicing doctors, researchers and academics within a specialty, we aim to make all our articles accessible to readers working in any medical discipline.In-depth Reviews present authoritative, up-to-date information on a topic, placing it in the context of a field's history and development. Topical discussion and opinions are proffered in Perspectives and News & Views articles, and in the Research Highlights section we filter primary research from a range of specialty and general medical journals. Finally, Case Studies enable authors to present novel and interesting cases and discuss the most useful features to bear in mind for treating future cases.Subjects covered * Andrology and endocrinology * Benign prostatic hyperplasia * Biostatistics and clinical trials * Endourology and stones * Female urology * Imaging and radiology * Infections, inflammation and prostatitis * Male factor infertility * Pathology * Pediatric urology * Prostate cancer * Renal-cell cancer * Risk factors and epidemiology * Sexual dysfunction * Trauma and reconstruction * Upper urinary tract dysfunction, renal failure and transplantation * Urinary incontinence, urodynamics and lower urinary tract dysfunction * Urologic oncology (including nonprostatic cancer).

Nature Sensors publishes fundamental, applied, and engineering research across the full spectrum of sensing technologies, spanning biological, computational, engineering, and systems domains. The journal covers the development of novel sensor materials and devices, as well as the design, integration, and broader application of sensor systems. Emphasizing technological advancements in sensor design, materials, signal processing, and data analytics, Nature Sensors highlights the transformative societal impact of sensing technologies. The journal aims to bridge scientific research, engineering, and industry, encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle complex challenges in areas such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, bio-integrated devices, automotive, civil infrastructure, and smart technologies. 

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology is an integrated forum for structural and molecular studies. The journal places a strong emphasis on functional and mechanistic understanding of how molecular components in a biological process work together. Structural data may provide such insights, but they are not a pre-requisite for publication in the journal.Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to:* Structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids and other macromolecules* Structure and function of multi-component complexes* DNA replication, repair and recombination* Chromatin structure and remodeling* Transcription* RNA processing* Translation* Regulation of transcription and translation* Functions of noncoding RNAs* Protein folding, processing and degradation* Sorting and trafficking of proteins and RNA* Signal transduction and intracellular signaling* Membrane processes* Cell surface proteins and cell-cell interactions* Molecular basis of disease.